Adjusting the metrics for age bracket and gender. More below.

Added metrics for age bracket (`n_off_accuracy`), as well as
binary/multiclass false-{positive,negative} rates (`binary_fpr_fnr`
and `multiclass_fpr_fnr`). Also, added mutual agreement between models
`agreement_fraction` and `agreement_elements`.

src/facebias/metrics.py

@@ -1,225 +1,224 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import logging
+from itertools import product
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
-from sklearn.metrics import (accuracy_score, cohen_kappa_score,
+from sklearn.metrics import (accuracy_score, balanced_accuracy_score,
-                             confusion_matrix, max_error, mean_absolute_error,
+                             cohen_kappa_score, confusion_matrix, max_error,
-                             multilabel_confusion_matrix, balanced_accuracy_score)
+                             mean_absolute_error, multilabel_confusion_matrix,
+                             precision_score)
 
-from facebias.estimators import Capability
+from facebias.estimators import BaseEstimator, Capability
 
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-logger = logging.getLogger(f"facebias:{__name__}")
+logger = logging.getLogger("facebias:metrics.py")
 
 
-def calc_model_performance(
+# Needed for the n_off_accuracy family of functions
-        gt: pd.DataFrame,
+_agegroup_int_map = {
-        preds: pd.DataFrame,
+    "00-02": 0,
-        keys: list[str] = [],
+    "03-09": 1,
-) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    "10-19": 2,
+    "20-29": 3,
+    "30-39": 4,
+    "40-49": 5,
+    "50-59": 6,
+    "60-69": 7,
+    "70+": 8,
+}
+
+
+def n_off_accuracy(gt: list[int], pred: list[int], n: int=1) -> float:
+    """Returns the n-off accuracy for ordinal class labels encoded as consecutive integers.
+
+    A prediction is counted as correct if it is exact or off by at most `n`.
     """
-    We assume that both `gt` and `preds` have the same structure. They should
+    if len(gt) != len(pred):
-    be indexed by individual ID, such as the image name, and each value is a
+        raise ValueError("Both arrays must have the same length.")
-    dictionary with model prediction capabilities as keys (e.g., "age_group",
-    "sex", "skin-color", etc.), and the values are the predictions, or ground-truth
-    values for each ID/capability.
 
-    if `keys` is empty, then we infer from common keys present in `preds` and `gt`.
+    if len(gt) == 0 or len(pred) == 0:
+        raise ValueError("The arrays must be populated.")
+
+    arr_gt = np.asarray(gt)
+    arr_pred = np.asarray(pred)
+
+    return float(np.mean(np.abs(arr_gt - arr_pred) <= n))
+
+
+def one_off_accuracy(gt: list[int], pred: list[int]) -> float:
+    """1-off accuracy for ordinal class labels encoded as consecutive integers."""
+    return n_off_accuracy(gt, pred, n=1)
+
+
+def two_off_accuracy(gt: list[int], pred: list[int]) -> float:
+    """2-off accuracy for ordinal class labels encoded as consecutive integers."""
+    return n_off_accuracy(gt, pred, n=2)
+
+
+def binary_fpr_fnr(cm: np.ndarray) -> dict[str, np.number]:
+    """Given a confusion matrix, calculates the false-positive and negative rates.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
-    gt: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
+    cm: np.ndarray
-    preds: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
+        The 2x2 confusion matrix returned by `scikit-learn`.
-    keys: list[str] | None
 
     Returns
     -------
-    metrics: dict[str, dict[str, float]]
+    metrics: dict[str, np.number]
+        The calculated metrics keyed under "FPR", "FNR", "TP", "TN", "FP", "FN".
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    sklearn.metrics.multilabel_confusion_matrix
+    sklearn.metrics.confusion_matrix
     """
-    common_caps = keys
+    tn, fp, fn, tp = cm.ravel()
-    if not keys:
+    return {
-        common_caps = set(gt.columns) & set(preds.columns)
+        "FPR": fp / (fp + tn) if (fp + tn) != 0 else np.nan,
-        if not common_caps:
+        "FNR": fn / (fn + tp) if (fn + tp) != 0 else np.nan,
-            logger.error(
+        "TN": int(tn),
-                f'No common capabilities found. Predictions has "{preds.columns}",'
+        "FP": int(fp),
-                f' ground-truth has "{gt.columns}".'
+        "FN": int(fn),
+        "TP": int(tp),
+    }
+
+
+def multiclass_fpr_fnr(gt: pd.Series, preds: pd.Series, labels: list[Any] | None = None):
+    """Calculates one-vs-rest false-positive and negative rates for each class.
+
+    Also returns the counts of false-positives, false-negatives, true-positives
+    and true-negatives, i.e., the confusion matrix for each class.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gt: pd.Series
+        Indexed ground-truth data.
+
+    preds: pd.Series
+        Indexed predictions.
+
+    labels: list[Any], optional
+        List of labels in the data. If left empty, then we infer from the
+        union of unique elements in `gt` and `preds`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    results: dict[str, dict[str, number]]
+        The false-{positive,negative}-rates, and true/false positive/negative
+        values for each label in `labels`.
+
+    labels: list[str]
+        The labels used when calculating the confusion matrix. If labels was
+        passed as an argument, then it is returned unchanged, else, we return
+        the labels inferred from the data.
+    """
+    if labels is None or not labels:
+        logging.info("Labels not provided. Inferring from the data.")
+        labels = sorted(list(set(gt.unique()) | set(preds.unique())))
+
+    mcm = multilabel_confusion_matrix(gt, preds, labels=labels)
+
+    results = {}
+    for label, m in zip(labels, mcm):
+        results[label] = binary_fpr_fnr(m)
+
+    return results, labels
+
+
+def _agreement_sanity_checks(x_pred: pd.Series, y_pred: pd.Series):
+    if len(x_pred) != len(y_pred):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Predictions have different lengths. len(x_pred) = {len(x_pred)}"
+            f" len(y_pred) = {len(y_pred)}"
         )
+    if not all(x_pred.index == y_pred.index):
+        raise ValueError("Index mismatch between series")
+
+    return True
+
+
+def agreement_fraction(x_pred: pd.Series, y_pred: pd.Series):
+    """Calculates the fraction of agreement between predictions by two models.
+
+    Note that the predictions must both have the same indices and lengths.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x_pred: pd.Series
+        Predictions of the first model.
+
+    y_pred: pd.Series
+        Second model predictions.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    fraction: float
+        The fraction of agreement between the results.
+    """
+    try:
+        _agreement_sanity_checks(x_pred, y_pred)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        logger.error(f"Cannot calculate agreement fraction -- {str(e)}.")
         return None
 
-    # Finding common images between predictions and ground-truth.
+    return (x_pred == y_pred).sum() / len(x_pred)
-    common_inds = set(preds.index) & set(gt.index)
+
-    if not common_inds:
+
-        logger.error("No common images found between predictions and ground-truth.")
+def agreement_elements(x_pred: pd.Series, y_pred: pd.Series, return_disagreement: bool=True):
+    """Returns the elements of agreement, and optionally, disagreement between models.
+
+    Note that, as in `agreement_fraction`, the predictions must have the same
+    lengths and matching indices.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x_pred: pd.Series
+        Predictions of the first model.
+
+    y_pred: pd.Series
+        Second model predictions.
+
+    return_disagreement: bool, optional
+        Returns the disagreement as well if set (default behavior), otherwise,
+        returns `None` for the `disagreement_idx`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    agreement_idx: pd.Series
+        The index of elements where models have the same results.
+
+    disagreement_idx: pd.Series | None
+        The index of elements where models diverge on their results. Only
+        returned when `return_disagreement` is True, else it returns `None.
+    """
+    try:
+        _agreement_sanity_checks(x_pred, y_pred)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        logger.error(f"Cannot get the (dis)agreement elements -- {str(e)}.")
         return None
 
-    metric_vals = dict()
+    idx = x_pred.index
-    for cap in common_caps:
+    if return_disagreement:
-        if isinstance(preds[cap].iloc[0], (float, int)):
+        return idx[x_pred == y_pred], idx[x_pred != y_pred]
-            metric_vals[cap] = {
-                "mean_absolute_error": mean_absolute_error(gt[cap], preds[cap]),
-                "max_error": max_error(gt[cap], preds[cap]),
-            }
     else:
-            labels = sorted(list(set(preds[cap].unique()) | set(gt[cap].unique())))
+        return idx[x_pred == y_pred], None
-            metric_vals[cap] = {
-                "accuracy": accuracy_score(gt[cap], preds[cap]),
-                "balanced_accuracy": balanced_accuracy_score(gt[cap], preds[cap]),
-                "cohen-kappa": cohen_kappa_score(gt[cap], preds[cap], labels=labels),
-            }
-
-    return pd.DataFrame.from_dict(metric_vals)
-
-
-def _find_unique_values_per_capability(
-    class_output: dict[str, dict[Capability, Any]], caps: list[Capability] | None = None
-) -> dict[Capability, str]:
-    """Returns the set of values per capability in `class_output`.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    class_output: dict[str, dict[Capability, Any]]
-        The classification results, or ground-truth data indexed by element.
-
-    caps: list[Capability] | None
-        The list of capabilities to find unique values for. If left as `None`,
-        we will find unique values for all of them.
-
-    Results
-    -------
-    unique_vals: dict[Capability, str]
-        The unique values indexed by capability.
-    """
-    if caps is None:
-        caps = list(next(iter(class_output.values())).keys())
-    elif not isinstance(caps, (list, tuple)):
-        caps = [caps]
-
-    unique_vals = dict()
-    for cap in caps:
-        unique_vals[cap] = set()
-        for res in class_output.values():
-            unique_vals[cap].add(res[cap])
-
-    return unique_vals
-
-
-def _get_capability_data(
-    class_outputs: dict[str, dict[Capability, Any]], cap: Capability
-) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Returns data for all individuals regarding a capability.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    class_outputs: dict[str, dict[Capability, Any]]
-        The estimator outputs indexed by individual.
-
-    cap: Capability
-        The desired capability.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    data: dict[str, Any]
-        The capability data indexed by individual.
-    """
-    data_per_id = dict()
-
-    for ind, data in class_outputs.items():
-        if cap not in data:
-            logger.warning(
-                f'Entry for capability "{cap.value}" not found for individual "{ind}". Skipping.'
-            )
-            continue
-        data_per_id[ind] = data[cap]
-
-    return data_per_id
-
-
-def _filter_by_index(data: dict[str, Any], indx: Any):
-    return dict((k, v) for k, v in data.items() if k in indx)
-
-
-def calc_metrics_per_subgroup(
-    gt: dict[str, dict[str, Any]], preds: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
-) -> dict[Capability, dict[Any, dict]]:
-    """Calculate performance metrics per sub-group for each capability.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    gt: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
-
-    preds: dict[str, dict[str, Any]]
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    metrics: dict[Capability, dict[Any, dict]]
-    """
-    common_caps = set(_find_common_capabilities(gt, preds))
-
-    metrics = {}
-    for cap in common_caps:
-        if cap == Capability.AGE:
-            continue
-
-        other_caps = common_caps - set([cap])
-        unique_values_cap = _find_unique_values_per_capability(gt, cap)[cap]
-
-        metrics[cap] = {}
-        for val in unique_values_cap:
-            ids = [k for k, v in gt.items() if v[cap] == val]
-
-            metrics[cap][val] = {"number_of_elements": len(ids)}
-            for ocap in other_caps:
-                metrics[cap][val][ocap] = {}
-                filtered_pred = _filter_by_index(_get_capability_data(preds, ocap), ids)
-                filtered_gt = _filter_by_index(_get_capability_data(gt, ocap), ids)
-
-                filtered_pred_data = np.array([filtered_pred[i] for i in ids])
-                filtered_gt_data = np.array([filtered_gt[i] for i in ids])
-
-                if isinstance(filtered_pred_data[0], float):
-                    # If data is numeric, we calculate regression-based metrics
-                    metrics[cap][val][ocap] = {
-                        "mean_absolute_error": mean_absolute_error(
-                            filtered_gt_data, filtered_pred_data
-                        ),
-                        "max_error": max_error(filtered_gt_data, filtered_pred_data),
-                    }
-                else:
-                    if len(np.unique(filtered_gt_data)) == 2:
-                        print(cap, val, ocap)
-                        cm = confusion_matrix(filtered_gt_data, filtered_pred_data, labels=get_unique_labels(filtered_gt_data, ocap))
-                    else:
-                        print(cap, val, ocap)
-                        cm = multilabel_confusion_matrix(filtered_gt_data, filtered_pred_data, labels=get_unique_labels(filtered_gt, ocap))
-                    return cm
-
-                    metrics[cap][val][ocap] = {
-                        "accuracy": accuracy_score(
-                            filtered_gt_data, filtered_pred_data
-                        ),
-                    }
-
-    return metrics
-
-
-def get_unique_labels(data, cap: Capability):
-    caps = set()
-    for id, vals in data.items():
-        if cap not in vals:
-            logger.warning(f'Capability "{cap.value}" not registered for individual "{id}". Skipping')
-            continue
-
-        caps.add(vals[cap])
-
-    return caps
 
 
+# TODO(gschardong): Move to the same file as `load_dataset`
 def _to_age_bracket(row):
     iage = int(row["age"])
+    if iage < 3:
+        return "00-02"
+    elif iage < 10:
+        return "03-09"
+    elif iage > 69:
+        return "70+"
+
     d = iage // 10 * 10
     return "{}-{}".format(d, d + 9)
 
@@ -237,7 +236,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     DATASET_PATH = Path("../../data/facing2-train/")
     METADATA_PATH = DATASET_PATH / "meta-w-age.csv"
     DETECTOR_PATH = Path("../../models/blaze_face_full_range.tflite")
-    # TEST_IMS: list[str] = ["10", "12", "14", "9"]
 
     detector = MediapipeDetector(str(DETECTOR_PATH))
     imdict, _ = load_dataset(
@@ -249,41 +247,77 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     face_bboxes = get_face_boxes(imdict, detector)
 
-    # for t in TEST_IMS:
-    #     logger.info("-- {} - {}".format(t, meta[str(t)]))
-
     print(FairFace.capabilities())
-    model_ff = FairFace(Path("../../models/fairface_alldata_4race_20191111.pt"), device="cpu")
-    preds_ff = model_ff.predict(imdict)
-    preds_ff = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(preds_ff).T
-    preds_ff.index.rename("image", inplace=True)
-    preds_ff.index = preds_ff.index.astype(meta.index.dtype)
-    preds_ff = preds_ff.sort_index()
-
-    metrics_ff = calc_model_performance(meta, preds_ff)
-
-    # logger.info("FairFace -- Test Images")
-    # for t in TEST_IMS:
-    #     logger.info("--{} - {}".format(t, preds_ff[str(t)]))
-
-    metrics_ff_groups = calc_metrics_per_subgroup(meta, preds_ff)
-    for k, v in metrics_ff_groups.items():
-        for kv, vv in v.items():
-            print(k, kv, vv)
-
-
     print(MiVOLOv1.capabilities())
-    model_mv = MiVOLOv1(
+
-        Path("../../models/volo-v1_model_imdb_age_gender_4.22.pth.tar"), device="cpu"
+    models = {
+        "fairface": FairFace(Path("../../models/fairface_alldata_4race_20191111.pt"), device="cpu"),
+        "mivolo": MiVOLOv1(Path("../../models/volo-v1_model_imdb_age_gender_4.22.pth.tar"), device="cpu")
+    }
+
+    preds_per_model = dict((k, None) for k in models.keys())
+    for model_name, model in models.items():
+        preds = model.predict(imdict)
+        preds = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(preds).T
+        preds.index.rename("image", inplace=True)
+        preds.index = preds.index.astype(meta.index.dtype)
+        preds = preds.sort_index()
+        preds_per_model[model_name] = preds
+
+    for model_name, preds in preds_per_model.items():
+        gt_age_group_ord = meta["age_group"].apply(lambda x: _agegroup_int_map[x])
+        preds_age_group_ord = preds["age_group"].apply(lambda x: _agegroup_int_map[x])
+
+        acc_one_off = one_off_accuracy(gt_age_group_ord, preds_age_group_ord)
+        acc_two_off = two_off_accuracy(gt_age_group_ord, preds_age_group_ord)
+
+        agegroup_subclass, labels = multiclass_fpr_fnr(
+            meta["age_group"],
+            preds["age_group"]
         )
-    preds_mv = model_mv.predict(imdict)
-    preds_mv = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(preds_mv).T
-    preds_mv.index.rename("image", inplace=True)
-    preds_mv.index = preds_mv.index.astype(meta.index.dtype)
-    preds_mv = preds_mv.sort_index()
 
-    # logger.info("MiVOLOv1(Face Only) -- Test Images")
+        print("==== Age group metrics by class ====")
-    # for t in TEST_IMS:
+        # Print as table.
-    #     logger.info("{} - {}".format(t, preds_mv[str(t)]))
+        for k, v in agegroup_subclass.items():
+            print(f"Class {k}")
+            for m, vv in v.items():
+                print(f"\t{m} -- {vv}")
 
-    metrics_mv = calc_model_performance(meta, preds_mv)
+        agegroup_subclass = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(agegroup_subclass)
+        print(agegroup_subclass)
+
+        model_cls = type(model)
+        ordered_labels = model_cls.possible_capability_values(Capability.SEX)
+        metrics_sex = binary_fpr_fnr(
+            confusion_matrix(
+                meta["sex"],
+                preds["sex"],
+                labels=ordered_labels
+        ))
+
+        print(
+            "==== Sex metrics ===="
+            f"\nPositive class -- {ordered_labels[0]},"
+            f" Negative class -- {ordered_labels[1]}"
+        )
+        for k, v in metrics_sex.items():
+            print(f"\t{k} -- {v}")
+
+    # Agreement tests
+    model_list = list(models.keys())
+    for i in range(len(model_list)):
+        for j in range(i+1, len(model_list)):
+            first, second = model_list[i], model_list[j]
+            print(f"{first} -- {second}")
+
+            for cap in model_cls.capabilities():
+                if cap == Capability.AGE:
+                    continue
+                frac = agreement_fraction(preds_per_model[first][cap], preds_per_model[second][cap])
+                print(f'Agreement fraction for capability: "{cap}" - {frac}')
+                agreement, disagreement = agreement_elements(
+                    meta[cap],
+                    preds[cap],
+                    return_disagreement=True
+                )
+                print(disagreement)